Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have presented unequivocal evidence for human induced climate change and biodiversity decline. At present there are 8.7 million species of life on Earth. Plants, animals and other biological organisms constitute a complex web of life supporting complicated ecosystems in all parts of the Earth. Scientists think that about 100 extinctions per million species occur every year and the decline of Earth’s biodiversity is worsened by climate change, diseases, land farming) and other natural stressors such as fresh water availability in most regions of the Earth. Biodiversity is the web of life that Already, scientists studying methodically changes in biodiversity, showed that the main causes of species extinction are: For the past 100 years biodiversity around the world has decreased dramatically. Human activity and climate change changed the natural processes of extinction and evolution.The fields, forests, and wetlands where wild plants and animals live are disappearing. Pollution, overfishing, and overhunting have also caused a drop in biodiversity. Global climate changes linked to human activity is considered as an important negative factor. Warmer ocean temperatures damage fragile ecosystems (coral reefs).
Scientists studying methodically changes in biodiversity, showed that the main causes of species extinction are: rising temperatures are affecting biodiversity by Habitat loss: Rising temperatures affect vegetation, food sources, access to water. Ecosystems are become uninhabitable for certain animals, forcing wildlife to migrate outside of their usual patterns. Rising temperatures are changing rainfall patterns, heavy downpours, floods and prolonged droughts. Also, rising temperatures can cause extreme weather events (thunderstorms, tornadoes, hail, damaging winds, etc)
Ocean acidification is putting pressure on species already threatened by other human activities. The oceans absorb about 30% of the CO2 that is released in the atmosphere. Ocean acidification is already impacting many ocean species, especially organisms. On land, higher temperatures have forced animals and plants to move to higher latitudes, towards the Earth’s poles, with far-reaching consequences for ecosystems. The risk of species extinction increases with every degree of warming. Rising temperatures affect all types of ecosystems through shifts in species distribution and population structure and increase the risk of species extinction. These changes can impact ecosystem services, such as carbon storage, and affect crop production. This review presents some of the most factors connecting biodiversity loss and climate change, as well as the numerous efforts of developed and developing countries to reverse the decline of biodiversity through efforts to reduce the impact of climate change and rising temperatures.
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