Abstract. Energy from the Sun was the fundamental contributing factor in the emergence of life and evolution of living species on Earth. Extensive use of fire, and later fossil fuels by humans contributed to their technological advances but followed by a crucial dependence on limited natural resources. Overexploitation of energy resources and increasing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the last centuries contributed to rising surface temperatures and dangerous climatic conditions. For the last 30 years the United Nations adopted a series of international environmental conferences and agreements on climate policy by bringing together more than 200 countries. The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) was created to provide policymakers with regular scientific assessments on climate change. The result was to achieve major changes in energy policy and promotion of renewables. The UN Framework Conference on Climate Change (UNFCCC) commits all nations to take urgent steps to mitigate GHG emissions and contribute to climate change according to their capacities. Also, the UN put pressure on rich countries to accept their obligations and assist financially developing countries in reducing emissions and coping with adverse climate impacts.The much-anticipatedCOP26 (Glasgow, 31 October-12 November 2021) arrived at an especially critical time to give a pivotal opportunity to achieve challenging and transformational changes in global climate policy. It was the most important such event since Paris (COP21, 2015) to safeguard national and international pledges made in Paris. Also represented progress on several fronts, and it is not the final opportunity to take action.COP26 aims to accelerate drastic actions to reverse impending increase in surface temperatures. The COP26 had four main goals: Secure global Net-zero emissions by 2050; Keep surface temperature to 1.5o C above preindustrial levels within reach; Adapt technological profile of energy sources to protect communities and natural habitats; and finally mobilise finance, and work together to deliver survival of humanity with sustainable energy means in the future with less catastrophic weather events and rising sea levels.
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